Search results for "social hierarchy"
showing 6 items of 6 documents
The Rise of Finnish-Language Popular Literacy Viewed through Correspondence to Newspapers 1856–70
2014
In the mid-19th century, a significant number of persons among the Finnish-speaking rural populace learned to read fluently and write for the first time. One of the first purposes to which Finnish-speakers could put their writing was letters to the press. This paper first provides a brief overview of how rural Finnish-speaking commoners acquired functional literacy. It then examines what letters to newspapers written by self-educated commoners reveal about writers’ motives, the uses to which writing could be put in mid- 19th century Finland, and the tensions which arose when newly literate commoners began to criticize their social superiors in the press and no longer needed their help in re…
The emergence and adaptive use of prestige in an online social learning task
2020
AbstractPrestige-biased social learning occurs when individuals preferentially learn from others who are highly respected, admired, copied, or attended to in their group. This form of social learning is argued to reflect novel forms of social hierarchy in human societies, and, by providing an efficient short-cut to acquiring adaptive information, underpin the cumulative cultural evolution that has contributed to our species’ ecological success. Despite these potentially important consequences, little empirical work to date has tested the basic predictions of prestige-biased social learning. Here we provide evidence supporting the key predictions that prestige-biased social learning is used …
Dominància i ocupació de l'espai en grups de primats no-humans: un model basat en conducta adaptativa
2007
L'estructura jeràrquica és una de les característiques fonamentals de les societats de primats, que condiciona en gran mesura el comportament dels individus que conviuen al grup. Quines lleis regeixen la formació i l'estructura d'aquestes jerarquies? Per què en determinats grups els subjectes més dominants se situen al centre del grup i en uns altres de la mateixa espècie no? En el camp de la conducta animal s'han proposat múltiples hipòtesis, però no n'hi ha cap que siga totalment satisfactòria, ja que a causa de les múltiples variables que hi infl ueixen, és difícil desplegar una teoria que explique tota la complexitat que s'observa empíricament. La nostra proposta d'estudi es basa en l'e…
Imprenta y poder en el Siglo de Oro. Relaciones y avisos sobre las fiestas reales entre Palermo y Nápoles
2019
Las fiestas reales, con sus ritos y valor simbólico, fueron una herramienta estratégica para fortalecer los vínculos entre el soberano, la nobleza y el pueblo en las provincias del reino. Las relaciones impresas que se conservan sobre las celebraciones reflejan que la monarquía tenía un programa claro para gestionar el consenso político local y reforzar las jerarquías sociales existentes. Se muestran algunos aspectos de esta relación entre imprenta y poder a través de algunas relaciones de sucesos impresas en dos importantes ciudades bajo dominio español: Palermo y Nápoles. Royal celebrations, with their rites and symbolic value, were intended as a strategic tool for the Spanish Crown, in o…
Fish welfare in aquaculture: From physiology to molecular activities and new tools for study innovative diets, social and spatial stress
2022
Guaranteeing a high quality of life for animals has recently become a matter of increasing concern. Welfare assessment has been well-developed for terrestrial species, mainly for those kept in captivity, but the current state of the art is less well-characterized for aquatic animals. The classical methodologies utilised to date, such as the kind of behavioural observation widely used for terrestrial animals, are not appropriate for improving our knowledge of the well-being of aquatic animals if used alone, mainly due to the large number of species and the difficulty of obtaining comparative results among the different taxa of interest. Among different approaches, the evaluation of internal …